There are no flanges on those wheels, so it can't have run on traditional rails, but I can't help thinking that the narrow track would have made it so unstable that it couldn't move without being kept upright in some manner.If that is indeed a single wheel at the back, maybe it ran in 3 "troughs" as we would call them in the UK - channels of steel three abreast.
With that headlight at the front, I've been considering for some time whether it was used underground in a mine of some sort. Having said that, the exhaust fumes would have been a problem. Maybe a fairground ride?